Indian state-owned and private companies shipped at least 2,596 consignments comprising hundreds of thousands of arms, ammunition and military components to Israel during the genocide in Gaza, a new Amnesty International report has revealed.
The shipments, sent between 7 October 2023 and 30 November 2025, included machine-gun components, 155 mm high-explosive artillery shells supplied to Elbit Systems, explosive warheads for the SkyStriker “kamikaze” drones – similar to those discovered amid the ruins in Khan Younis – and armoured vehicle components destined for major suppliers to the Israeli military.
According to Amnesty, these amounted to 564,970 parts of explosive ordnance (drone warheads, artillery shell casings and others); 390,516 small arms parts for military-grade weapons; and 298 components of military vehicles to large Israeli companies that supplied the Israeli armed forces.
As of 29 July 2026, at least 247,387 Palestinians have been either killed or injured since Israel launched its military campaign in Gaza, following the Hamas-led attacks on southern Israel on 7 October 2023.
The report, “Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel”, published on Thursday, said its findings were “based on a deliberately conservative methodology”, and were likely to underestimate the “true extent of India’s contribution to Israel’s military supply chain”.
Rising Indian complicity
The report is the latest in a series alleging that India has materially supported Israel’s genocide in Gaza, following earlier allegations that New Delhi supplied combat drones, bombs and weapons components to Israel after October 2023.
In May 2026, the Palestinian-led Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement and No Harbour for Genocide (NHG) warned of a “flood” of military supplies from India to Israel.
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“Israel has a huge domestic production, but they rely on specific components, whether it’s like high-end technology material for aerospace or bulk materials such as military steel,” a spokesperson for No Harbour for Genocide told Middle East Eye at the time.
Likewise, an Al Jazeera investigation based on Israeli Tax Authority (ITA) import data found that India was the second-largest exporter of military-related goods to Israel between October 2023 and October 2025.
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Al Jazeera noted the data likely represented only a partial picture of total arms transfers to Israel and did not establish the end use of the shipments in Gaza.
Likewise, Amnesty’s investigators based their analysis on shipments classified under specific Harmonized System (HS) codes, the internationally used customs classification system for traded goods.
These included HS codes 9301–9307, which cover weapons, ammunition and their parts and accessories; and HS code 8710, which covers armoured and fighting vehicles and their components.
Researchers excluded shipments labelled only with internal product or part numbers, where it was not possible to determine whether the items were military or civilian.
It also excluded hundreds of shipments of dual-use small-arms components, as well as weapons, parts and ammunition likely intended for anti-missile defence systems.
Amnesty said its deliberately conservative methodology meant its findings were likely to underestimate the true extent of India’s contribution to Israel’s military supply chain.
Nonetheless, its findings revealed there were several companies, including state-owned ventures, involved in supplying military aid to Israel.
It said it wrote to nine companies as well as the Indian state but did not receive a reply by the time of publication.
“In light of the International Court of Justice’s provisional measures orders recognizing a plausible risk of genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, the Indian authorities cannot credibly argue that they did not know that continuing to authorize and facilitate arms transfers to Israel carries a substantial risk of contributing to serious violations of international law,” Agnes Callamard, Amnesty’s secretary general, said in a statement.
Callamard added that while the Israeli military continued to inflict death and suffering in Gaza, “Indian companies continued to profit by supplying components and munitions destined for Israel’s defence sector.”
India-Israel defence ties
India-Israel ties have accelerated over the past decade under the leadership of Prime Ministers Narendra Modi and Benjamin Netanyahu.
India is the world’s largest purchaser of Israeli weapons, and several Israeli arms manufacturers have established production facilities in the country through joint ventures with Indian companies.
Earlier this year, during Modi’s visit to Israel, the two countries upgraded ties to a Special Strategic Partnership for Peace, Innovation and Prosperity.
The relationship has since expanded further, with a series of new memorandums of understanding (MoUs) and reports of potential defence partnerships, including discussions over India manufacturing Iron Dome interceptor missiles for Israel.
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Diplomatically, the Indian government has been one of Israel’s staunchest supporters.
New Delhi has refused to join South Africa’s case against Israel at the International Court of Justice, which alleges violations of the Genocide Convention, and has rejected calls to impose an arms embargo on Israel.
It has also cracked down on pro-Palestine protests and activism within India.
When Indian civil society groups petitioned the Supreme Court in September 2024 to halt arms exports, the court dismissed the case, ruling that decisions on foreign policy fall within the government’s domain, not the judiciary.
External Affairs Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar has also maintained that India’s arms exports are guided by the country’s “national interest”.
“The issue of India’s exports, including India’s exports of anything which directly or indirectly has any military implications, is guided by our national interest and by our commitments to various regimes,” Jaishankar said in December 2024.
“Where Israel is concerned, it is a country with which we have a strong record of cooperation in national security. It is also a country that has stood by us at different moments when our national security was under threat,” he added.
